| Species | Fish |
|---|---|
| Origin | South America (Amazon River basin) |
| Size Category | Extra Large |
| Category | Fish |
| Original Purpose | Ornamental |
| Body Length | 25–45 cm |
|---|---|
| Lifespan | 10–20 years |
| Senior Age Threshold | 14 years |
| Exercise Needs | Intermediate care level |
|---|---|
| Grooming | Omnivore |
| Annual Exam Focus | Compatible: Silver dollars, large plecos, medium-sized South American cichlids, bala sharks, jack dempseys |
| Routine Care | Incompatible: Nano fish, small tetras, small crustaceans, highly aggressive large cichlids, any fish small enough to fit in their mouth |
| Condition | Onset Stage | Risk | Hereditary | Screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hole in the Head (HITH) / Head and Lateral Line Erosion (HLLE) | adult | high | No | N/A |
| Ich (White Spot Disease) | adult | medium | No | N/A |
| Fin Rot | adult | medium | No | N/A |
| CHIC Required Tests | Difficult, biparental substrate spawners |
|---|---|
| Recommended DNA Tests | Astronotus ocellatus |
| Water Temperature | 22-27°C |
|---|---|
| pH Range | pH 6-8 |
| Water Type & Tank | Freshwater, Min tank: 280L |
| Diet | Omnivore |
| Common Issues | Difficulty: Intermediate. Temperament: Semi-aggressive, territorial |
| Locomotion | Begging for food at the glass, recognizing owners, rearranging tank decorations, digging up plants, territorial defense, sulking (lying on side at the bottom) |
|---|---|
| Social | Semi-aggressive, territorial |
| Stress/Displacement | Pale or washed-out coloring, clamped fins, hiding, loss of appetite, lying on side (sulking) |
| AI-Trainable Signals | Color shifts (darkening or fading), opercular flare (flared gill covers), spread dorsal and anal fins, clamped fins, lying on side (sulking), lip locking |
|---|---|
| Context-Dependent Vocalizations | Pale or washed-out coloring, clamped fins, hiding, loss of appetite, lying on side (sulking) |
| Interspecies Communication | Water type: Freshwater, pH: 6-8 |