| Species | Amphibian |
|---|---|
| Origin | China/Korea/Russia |
| Size Category | Tiny |
| Scientific Name | Bombina orientalis |
| Category | Toad |
| Original Purpose | Companion |
| Husbandry Difficulty | Beginner |
| Social Needs | Medium |
| Weight Range | 0.02–0.06 kg |
|---|---|
| Lifespan | 10–15 years |
| Juvenile Stage Ends | 6 months |
| Senior Age Threshold | 10 years |
| Exercise Needs | Moderate - semi-aquatic; needs both land and water areas |
|---|---|
| Grooming | None - maintain clean water; partial water changes weekly |
| Annual Exam Focus | Skin condition, weight, fecal parasites, water quality monitoring |
| Routine Care | Semi-aquatic setup (50/50 land/water); 68-78°F; clean water; feed every 2-3 days |
| Condition | Onset Stage | Risk | Hereditary | Screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial Skin Infections (Red Leg) | adult | high | No | N/A |
| Chytridiomycosis | adult | medium | No | Recommended |
| Metabolic Bone Disease | juvenile | medium | No | N/A |
| Internal Parasites | adult | medium | No | Recommended |
| Ammonia Poisoning (poor water quality) | adult | medium | No | N/A |
| Risk Level | Low |
|---|---|
| Ideal BCS | 3/9 |
| Visual Cues | Compact body; not bloated; active and alert |
| Daily Activity | 25 minutes |
| Caloric Notes | Small crickets, waxworms, bloodworms; feed 3-4 items every 2-3 days |
| Litter Size | 50–200 |
|---|---|
| Dystocia Risk | Low |
| CHIC Required Tests | N/A |
| Recommended DNA Tests | N/A |
| Neonatal Weight | 0.1–0.2 g |
|---|---|
| Growth Notes | Tadpole stage 6-8 weeks; froglet to adult 6-12 months; long-lived |
| Vaccine/Health Schedule | No vaccines; maintain water quality; quarantine new additions |
| Temperature | 20-26°C (68-78°F); cooler winter period beneficial |
|---|---|
| Humidity | 60-80%; semi-aquatic setup with clean shallow water |
| UVB Requirement | Low UVB beneficial; 12h photoperiod; diurnal/crepuscular |
| Diet | Small crickets, waxworms, bloodworms, earthworm pieces; dust with calcium+D3 |
| Common Issues | Red leg syndrome from poor water quality, chytrid, MBD, parasites, ammonia burns |
| Anxiety Proneness | Very Low |
|---|---|
| Top Triggers | Poor water quality, overcrowding, lack of land area, sudden temperature changes |
| Separation Anxiety Risk | Low |
| Calming Interventions | Group housing, clean water, proper land/water ratio, stable temperatures |
| Enrichment Needs | Varied terrain (rocks, plants, shallow water), live food, group dynamics, seasonal temperature variation |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Risk | Very Low |
| Sociability Score | 7/10 |
| Locomotion | Swimming, walking, climbing low structures, floating at water surface |
|---|---|
| Social | Gregarious - best kept in groups of 3+; males call in chorus; mild territorial behavior |
| Comfort | Floating at water surface, basking on land area, active foraging |
| Stress/Displacement | Excessive hiding, refusing food, skin discoloration, lethargy in water |
| Breed-Specific | Unken reflex (flashing bright belly as warning); semi-aquatic; gregarious; long-lived; hardy beginner species |
| Types | Melodic oop-oop-oop calls (males), chorus calling, distress chirps |
|---|---|
| Frequency Range | 1,500-4,000 Hz |
| Tendency | High |
| Primary Modality | Vocal (males call frequently), visual (unken reflex - belly flash), chemical (mild skin toxins) |
| Tail/Body Signals | No tail; bright orange/red belly displayed in unken reflex (arched back showing ventral warning colors) |
| Top Problems | Excessive calling (males), escape attempts, mild skin toxin irritation to handlers |
|---|---|
| Medical Etiology | Lethargy from ammonia poisoning; skin lesions from bacterial infection; weak limbs from MBD |
| Fear/Anxiety Etiology | Unken reflex (arching back to show bright belly), diving underwater, hiding |
| Frustration Etiology | Escape attempts if water quality poor; increased calling |
| Learned Behavior | Associates feeding time with keeper presence; group feeding response; minimal individual recognition |
| Cognitive Dysfunction | Very limited; consistent behavior throughout lifespan |
| AI-Trainable Signals | Calling frequency, unken reflex frequency, water vs land preference, group cohesion |
|---|---|
| Context-Dependent Vocalizations | Frequent unken reflex may be defensive display OR handling stress - context of trigger matters |
| Interspecies Communication | Hardy and active display species; mild skin toxins (wash hands after handling); best observed in group setup |