| Species | Dog |
|---|---|
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Size Category | Large |
| Category | Dog |
| Original Purpose | Hunting otters, badgers, foxes, and river rats; all-around working and farm dog |
| Weight Range | 16–32 kg |
|---|---|
| Height Range | 56–61 cm |
| Lifespan | 10–14 years |
| Juvenile Stage Ends | 12 months |
| Senior Age Threshold | 9 years |
| Exercise Needs | 60-120 min/day, brisk walks, hikes, runs, structured play, swimming, agility |
|---|---|
| Grooming | Brushing 2-3 times weekly, professional grooming/hand-stripping every 2-3 months |
| Annual Exam Focus | Ophthalmic evaluation, hip and joint assessment, cardiac screening, thyroid function, skin and coat check |
| Condition | Onset Stage | Risk | Hereditary | Screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | puppy | high | Yes | Recommended |
| Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat) | adult | high | No | N/A |
| Hypothyroidism | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Corneal Dystrophy | puppy | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Skin Allergies/Dermatitis | adult | medium | Yes | N/A |
| Risk Level | Moderate |
|---|---|
| Ideal BCS | 4/9 |
| Daily Activity | 60 minutes |
| Litter Size | 8–12 |
|---|---|
| Dystocia Risk | Moderate |
| CHIC Required Tests | Hip Dysplasia, Cardiac Evaluation, Renal Disease, Eye Examination |
| Neonatal Weight | 350–550 g |
|---|
| Anxiety Proneness | Low |
|---|---|
| Top Triggers | Boredom, lack of exercise, prolonged isolation |
| Separation Anxiety Risk | Moderate |
| Calming Interventions | Positive reinforcement, interactive exercises, mentally engaging activities, puzzle toys, scent work, obedience games |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Risk | Moderate |
| Locomotion | Brisk walking, running, swimming, jumping, bunny-hopping (if hip dysplasia present) |
|---|---|
| Social | Playing, greeting, investigating, guarding, interacting with family |
| Comfort | Resting, grooming, stretching, seeking affection |
| Stress/Displacement | Pacing, destructive chewing, excessive barking, digging, obsessive licking (acral lick granulomas) |
| Breed-Specific | Digging, chasing small animals, standing ground, guarding, retrieving |
| Types | Barks, whines, grumbles, yips, talks |
|---|---|
| Frequency Range | 100-2000 Hz |
| Tendency | Moderate |
| AI-Trainable Signals | Playful vs aggressive barks, body posture, facial expressions, tail position |
|---|---|
| Context-Dependent Vocalizations | Low-frequency broadband vocalizations during agonistic interactions, playful barks vs aggressive barks, grumbling and whining to communicate with owners |
| Interspecies Communication | High prey drive towards cats and small animals, generally tolerant of smaller dogs, can exhibit reactivity toward same-gender dogs |