| Species | Dog |
|---|---|
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Size Category | Medium |
| Category | Dog |
| Original Purpose | Bull and bear baiting, dog fighting |
| Weight Range | 11–17 kg |
|---|---|
| Height Range | 36–41 cm |
| Lifespan | 12–14 years |
| Juvenile Stage Ends | 12 months |
| Senior Age Threshold | 8 years |
| Exercise Needs | 70 minutes/day, combination of walking, running, and interactive play |
|---|---|
| Grooming | Weekly brushing, occasional bathing, nail trimming every 2 weeks, regular ear cleaning |
| Annual Exam Focus | Eye examination, cardiac evaluation, joint assessment (hips/elbows), skin/coat condition, weight management |
| Condition | Onset Stage | Risk | Hereditary | Screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hereditary Cataracts | puppy | high | Yes | Recommended |
| L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (L2HGA) | puppy | high | Yes | Recommended |
| Hip Dysplasia | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Elbow Dysplasia | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Skin Allergies/Atopic Dermatitis | adult | high | Yes | N/A |
| Risk Level | High |
|---|---|
| Ideal BCS | 5/9 |
| Daily Activity | 70 minutes |
| Litter Size | 5–8 |
|---|---|
| Dystocia Risk | Moderate |
| CHIC Required Tests | Hip Dysplasia, Eye Examination, L2HGA DNA Test, Hereditary Cataracts DNA Test, Elbow Dysplasia |
| Neonatal Weight | 350–450 g |
|---|
| Anxiety Proneness | Moderate |
|---|---|
| Top Triggers | Separation from owners, lack of exercise/stimulation, unfamiliar dogs |
| Separation Anxiety Risk | High |
| Calming Interventions | Consistent routine, positive reinforcement training, adequate physical exercise, mental stimulation (puzzle toys), safe quiet space |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Risk | Moderate |
| Locomotion | Brisk walking, energetic running, agile jumping, quick directional changes |
|---|---|
| Social | Over-exuberant greetings, intense affection towards family, potential dog-directed aggression, high play drive |
| Comfort | Cuddling with owners, resting in sunny spots, self-grooming, stretching |
| Stress/Displacement | Panting, pacing, lip licking, yawning, avoidance behavior, hyper-vigilance |
| Breed-Specific | Squirmy jumping and licking during greetings, rough and tumble play, strong prey drive, high pain tolerance |
| Types | Barks, whines, grunts, conversational vocalizations, play growls |
|---|---|
| Frequency Range | 100-1200 Hz |
| Tendency | Moderate |
| AI-Trainable Signals | Tail wagging speed/direction, ear position (pinned back vs alert), body posture (stiff vs relaxed), facial tension, jumping frequency |
|---|---|
| Context-Dependent Vocalizations | Conversational vocalizations when interacting with owners, high-pitched barks during play, alert barking at strangers, whining when separated |
| Interspecies Communication | Strong human-directed affiliative behaviors, potential predatory behavior towards small animals, complex dog-dog interactions requiring careful socialization |