| Species | Dog |
|---|---|
| Origin | France/Spain |
| Size Category | Giant |
| Category | Dog |
| Original Purpose | Livestock guardian dog |
| Weight Range | 39–54 kg |
|---|---|
| Height Range | 64–81 cm |
| Lifespan | 10–12 years |
| Juvenile Stage Ends | 24 months |
| Senior Age Threshold | 7 years |
| Exercise Needs | 30-60 min/day, moderate walking and patrolling |
|---|---|
| Grooming | Weekly brushing, more frequent during shedding seasons, professional grooming every 8-12 weeks |
| Annual Exam Focus | Joint health (hips, elbows, knees), eye examination, cardiac evaluation, neurological assessment, weight management |
| Condition | Onset Stage | Risk | Hereditary | Screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia | adult | high | Yes | Recommended |
| Elbow Dysplasia | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Patellar Luxation | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (Bloat) | adult | high | No | N/A |
| Neuronal Degeneration | puppy | low | Yes | Recommended |
| Risk Level | High |
|---|---|
| Ideal BCS | 4/9 |
| Daily Activity | 60 minutes |
| Litter Size | 6–10 |
|---|---|
| Dystocia Risk | Moderate |
| CHIC Required Tests | Hip Dysplasia, Patellar Luxation, Eye Examination, Neuronal Degeneration DNA Test |
| Neonatal Weight | 450–900 g |
|---|
| Anxiety Proneness | Moderate |
|---|---|
| Top Triggers | Loud noises (thunder, fireworks), separation from family/flock, changes in routine or environment |
| Separation Anxiety Risk | Moderate |
| Calming Interventions | Safe retreat space, consistent routine, positive reinforcement training, pheromone diffusers, anti-anxiety medication if severe |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Risk | Moderate |
| Locomotion | Slow and deliberate walking, trotting, occasional bursts of speed, patrolling territory |
|---|---|
| Social | Calm observation, gentle interaction with family, aloofness with strangers, protective positioning |
| Comfort | Resting in cool spots, self-grooming, stretching, seeking physical contact with trusted individuals |
| Stress/Displacement | Panting, pacing, excessive barking, hiding, avoidance behaviors |
| Breed-Specific | Guarding, patrolling, leaning against people, pawing for attention, independent decision-making |
| Types | Barking, whining, howling, growling |
|---|---|
| Frequency Range | 100-500 Hz |
| Tendency | High |
| AI-Trainable Signals | Body posture, ear position, tail carriage, facial expressions, movement patterns |
|---|---|
| Context-Dependent Vocalizations | Deep barks for alerting/guarding, whining for attention or distress, howling in response to other dogs or sirens |
| Interspecies Communication | Protective and gentle with livestock, alert to predators, responsive to human cues but independent |