| Species | Dog |
|---|---|
| Origin | Italy |
| Size Category | Toy |
| Category | Dog |
| Original Purpose | Companion, small game hunting |
| Weight Range | 3.2–6.4 kg |
|---|---|
| Height Range | 33–38 cm |
| Lifespan | 14–15 years |
| Juvenile Stage Ends | 12 months |
| Senior Age Threshold | 9 years |
| Exercise Needs | 45-60 min/day, daily walks and safe enclosed running |
|---|---|
| Grooming | Weekly brushing, occasional bathing, daily teeth brushing |
| Annual Exam Focus | Dental health, eye examination, knee evaluation, thyroid function, heart auscultation |
| Condition | Onset Stage | Risk | Hereditary | Screening |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periodontal disease | adult | high | Yes | Recommended |
| Radius/ulna fractures | puppy | high | No | N/A |
| Progressive Retinal Atrophy | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Patellar Luxation | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Hypothyroidism | adult | medium | Yes | Recommended |
| Risk Level | Low |
|---|---|
| Ideal BCS | 4/9 |
| Daily Activity | 45 minutes |
| Litter Size | 2–4 |
|---|---|
| Dystocia Risk | Moderate |
| CHIC Required Tests | Eye Examination, Patellar Luxation, Thyroid evaluation, Progressive Retinal Atrophy DNA |
| Neonatal Weight | 150–250 g |
|---|
| Anxiety Proneness | High |
|---|---|
| Top Triggers | Cold weather, loud noises, separation from owner |
| Separation Anxiety Risk | High |
| Calming Interventions | Thundershirts, warm clothing, crate training, predictable routines, pheromone diffusers |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Risk | Moderate |
| Locomotion | High-speed galloping, double suspension gallop, trotting, jumping |
|---|---|
| Social | Velcro dog behavior, leaning against owners, burrowing under blankets with humans |
| Comfort | Sunbathing, burrowing under blankets, seeking soft surfaces |
| Stress/Displacement | Trembling, shivering, tucking tail, freezing, pacing |
| Breed-Specific | High prey drive for small moving objects, sight-based tracking, high-stepping gait |
| Types | Barking, whining, howling |
|---|---|
| Frequency Range | 500-2000 Hz |
| Tendency | Low |
| AI-Trainable Signals | Tail tucking, shivering/trembling, ear position changes, paw lifting, freezing |
|---|---|
| Context-Dependent Vocalizations | High-pitched whining when cold or anxious, sharp barks during play |
| Interspecies Communication | Intense staring at small animals, pawing at humans for attention or warmth |