Addison's Disease in West Highland White Terrier
Learn about Addison's Disease in West Highland White Terrier. Risk level: High. Onset: Adult. Comprehensive guide to symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies.
Breed-Specific Risk Profile
| Risk Level | High |
|---|---|
| Typical Onset | Adult |
| Hereditary | No |
| Screening Recommended | No |
About Addison's Disease
Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism) results from insufficient production of corticosteroids (cortisol and aldosterone) by the adrenal glands. It is often called 'the great pretender' due to its vague, waxing-and-waning clinical signs that mimic many other diseases. Acute adrenal crisis (Addisonian crisis) is a life-threatening emergency.
Category: Endocrine
Severity: Moderate to Severe
Symptoms to Watch For in Your West Highland White Terrier
- Waxing and waning lethargy
- Intermittent vomiting and diarrhea
- Poor appetite
- Weight loss
- Muscle weakness
- Shaking or trembling
- Collapse (Addisonian crisis)
- Bradycardia
Causes
Most commonly immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal cortex (primary Addison's). Less common causes include granulomatous disease, metastatic tumors, or iatrogenic (abrupt withdrawal of corticosteroids, mitotane overdose). Secondary Addison's results from pituitary dysfunction.
Diagnosis
ACTH stimulation test (gold standard): both pre- and post-ACTH cortisol levels are low. Electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia) in classic cases. Baseline cortisol <2 μg/dL is highly suggestive. ECG changes from hyperkalemia.
Treatment Options
Acute crisis: aggressive IV fluid therapy (0.9% NaCl), dexamethasone. Chronic management: monthly DOCP (desoxycorticosterone pivalate) injections for mineralocorticoid replacement, daily prednisone for glucocorticoid replacement. Stress-dose adjustments.
Prevention for West Highland White Terrier
No prevention for immune-mediated form. Gradual tapering of exogenous corticosteroids to prevent iatrogenic form. Careful monitoring during mitotane therapy for Cushing's disease.
Prognosis
Excellent with appropriate lifelong supplementation. Most dogs live normal lifespans with proper management. Requires owner education about stress dosing and emergency recognition.
Other Breeds Affected by Addison's Disease
Besides West Highland White Terrier, these breeds are also predisposed to Addison's Disease:
- Portuguese Water Dog (low risk)
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Addison's Disease common in West Highland White Terrier?
Yes, West Highland White Terrier has a high risk for Addison's Disease. Typical onset is during the adult stage.
What are the symptoms of Addison's Disease in West Highland White Terrier?
Common symptoms of Addison's Disease in West Highland White Terrier include: Waxing and waning lethargy, Intermittent vomiting and diarrhea, Poor appetite, Weight loss, Muscle weakness, Shaking or trembling. Watch for these signs and consult your veterinarian promptly.
How is Addison's Disease treated in West Highland White Terrier?
Acute crisis: aggressive IV fluid therapy (0.9% NaCl), dexamethasone. Chronic management: monthly DOCP (desoxycorticosterone pivalate) injections for mineralocorticoid replacement, daily prednisone for glucocorticoid replacement. Stress-dose adjustme...
Can Addison's Disease be prevented in West Highland White Terrier?
No prevention for immune-mediated form. Gradual tapering of exogenous corticosteroids to prevent iatrogenic form. Careful monitoring during mitotane therapy for Cushing's disease.
Should I screen my West Highland White Terrier for Addison's Disease?
Regular veterinary check-ups are always recommended. Ask your vet about specific screening tests based on your West Highland White Terrier's age and health history.