Allergic Dermatitis
Allergic dermatitis (atopy) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory skin condition caused by hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (pollen, dust mites, mold spores). It is the second most common allergic skin disease in dogs after flea allergy dermatitis. The condition is chronic, requiring lifelong management.
Symptoms & Signs
- Intense itching (pruritus)
- Red, inflamed skin
- Recurrent ear infections
- Licking and chewing at paws
- Face rubbing
- Hair loss from scratching
- Secondary skin infections (bacterial, yeast)
- Chronic ear disease
Causes & Risk Factors
Genetic predisposition to produce IgE antibodies against environmental allergens. Allergens penetrate the skin barrier (which is often defective in atopic dogs) and trigger an inflammatory cascade. Common allergens include dust mites, pollens (grass, tree, weed), mold spores, and dander.
Diagnosis
Clinical history and pattern of symptoms. Exclusion of other causes (food allergy, parasites). Intradermal allergy testing or serum IgE testing to identify specific allergens. Response to elimination diet rules out food allergy.
Treatment
Multimodal approach: allergen-specific immunotherapy (allergy shots/drops), Apoquel (oclacitinib), Cytopoint (lokivetmab), topical therapy, essential fatty acid supplementation, bathing with medicated shampoos, and management of secondary infections.
Prevention
No prevention for genetic predisposition. Minimizing allergen exposure (air purifiers, frequent bedding washing, wiping paws after walks). Maintaining skin barrier health with appropriate nutrition and supplements.
Prognosis
Chronic condition requiring lifelong management. Most dogs can be well-controlled with appropriate therapy. Quality of life is generally good with multimodal treatment. Seasonal cases may have periods of remission.
Affected Breeds (2)
| Breed | Species | Size |
|---|---|---|
| American Staffordshire Terrier | Dog | Medium |
| West Highland White Terrier | Dog | Small |