Entropion
Entropion is a condition where the eyelid rolls inward, causing the eyelashes and fur-covered skin to rub against the corneal surface. This chronic irritation leads to corneal ulceration, scarring, and potentially vision loss. It most commonly affects the lower eyelid and is particularly prevalent in breeds with loose facial skin or prominent skin folds.
Symptoms & Signs
- Excessive tearing (epiphora)
- Squinting or blepharospasm
- Mucoid or purulent eye discharge
- Corneal ulceration
- Eye redness
- Rubbing at eyes
- Corneal scarring (pigmentation)
Causes & Risk Factors
Primarily genetic/conformational in predisposed breeds (Shar Pei, Chow Chow, Bulldog, Rottweiler). Can also be acquired from chronic eye pain (spastic entropion), scarring, or loss of orbital fat in senior dogs. Breed-related excessive facial skin creates the mechanical basis.
Diagnosis
Visual examination of eyelid position. Fluorescein staining to assess corneal damage. Assessment of the degree of inversion and amount of excess skin. Schirmer tear test to evaluate tear production.
Treatment
Surgical correction (blepharoplasty) to remove excess skin and reposition the eyelid margin. Temporary tacking sutures in puppies (may outgrow the condition). Medical management of corneal ulcers. Multiple surgeries may be needed.
Prevention
Selective breeding away from extreme facial conformation. Avoiding breeding of affected individuals. Early recognition and temporary tacking in growing puppies to prevent corneal damage.
Prognosis
Excellent with appropriate surgical correction. Most dogs have complete resolution of symptoms. Corneal scarring from chronic irritation may be permanent but typically does not significantly affect vision post-surgery.
Affected Breeds (5)
| Breed | Species | Size |
|---|---|---|
| Chinese Shar-Pei | Dog | Medium |
| Chow Chow | Dog | Medium |
| Tibetan Mastiff | Dog | Giant |
| Weimaraner | Dog | Large |
| Wirehaired Pointing Griffon | Dog | Medium |