Feline Asthma
Feline asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lower airways (bronchi) in cats, analogous to human asthma. It involves bronchial smooth muscle constriction, mucus hypersecretion, and airway inflammation triggered by inhaled allergens. It affects 1-5% of cats and can range from mild intermittent coughing to life-threatening acute bronchospasm.
Symptoms & Signs
- Coughing (often mistaken for hairballs)
- Wheezing
- Open-mouth breathing
- Increased respiratory effort
- Abdominal push during breathing
- Acute respiratory distress (asthma attack)
- Exercise intolerance
- Lethargy
Causes & Risk Factors
Type I hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled allergens (dust, pollen, cigarette smoke, perfumes, litter dust, mold). Eosinophilic inflammation of bronchial walls leads to airway hyperreactivity, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. Genetic predisposition (Siamese may be overrepresented).
Diagnosis
Thoracic radiographs showing bronchial pattern ('doughnuts and tramlines'). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showing eosinophilic inflammation. Rule out heartworm, lungworm, and cardiac disease. Response to bronchodilator therapy supports diagnosis.
Treatment
Inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone via AeroKat spacer) - mainstay of long-term control. Bronchodilators (albuterol) for acute episodes. Oral prednisolone for severe cases. Environmental allergen reduction. Emergency oxygen therapy for acute attacks.
Prevention
Minimize airborne irritants (dust-free litter, no smoking, air purifiers, unscented products). Reduce stress. Maintain healthy weight. Regular veterinary monitoring. Allergen identification and avoidance.
Prognosis
Good with appropriate management. Most cats can be well-controlled with inhaled medications. Acute severe attacks can be life-threatening without emergency treatment. Chronic uncontrolled asthma leads to irreversible airway remodeling.
Affected Breeds (1)
| Breed | Species | Size |
|---|---|---|
| Balinese | Cat | Medium |