Heatstroke
Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition where body temperature rises above the thermoregulatory capacity of the animal, causing cellular damage, organ failure, and potentially death. Dogs are particularly susceptible due to limited cooling mechanisms (panting only). Brachycephalic breeds, obese animals, and those with thick coats are at highest risk.
Symptoms & Signs
- Excessive panting
- Drooling
- Bright red gums progressing to pale/blue
- Vomiting and diarrhea (may be bloody)
- Staggering and disorientation
- Collapse
- Seizures
- Loss of consciousness
Causes & Risk Factors
Enclosed vehicles (most common), excessive exercise in hot/humid conditions, lack of shade or water, brachycephalic airway obstruction, obesity, thick coat, cardiovascular disease, and laryngeal paralysis. Environmental temperature above 80F/27C with high humidity is dangerous.
Diagnosis
Rectal temperature >104F/40C (often >106F/41C). Clinical signs of heat exposure. Assessment of organ damage: coagulation panel (DIC), kidney values, liver enzymes, blood glucose, lactate.
Treatment
Immediate cooling: cool (not cold) water, fans, wet towels on neck/groin/paws. Stop cooling at 103.5F/39.7C to prevent hypothermia. IV fluid therapy. Treatment of DIC, seizures, cerebral edema. Monitoring for 48-72 hours for delayed organ failure.
Prevention
Never leave animals in vehicles. Avoid exercise during peak heat. Provide shade and fresh water. Know breed-specific risk factors. Acclimate gradually to warm weather. Monitor for early signs of overheating.
Prognosis
Mild cases (temp <106F): good with rapid treatment. Severe cases (temp >109F or DIC): 50% mortality. Neurological damage may be permanent. Organ failure can develop 24-72 hours after initial event.
Affected Breeds (2)
| Breed | Species | Size |
|---|---|---|
| Fire Salamander | Amphibian | Small |
| Peruvian Guinea Pig | Small Mammal | Small |